FRINGIA

fernando · 4th September 2016, 11:51 AM

The Chinese called the Portuguese Folangji 佛郎機 ("Franks") in the 1520s at the Battle of Tunmen and Battle of Xicaowan. Some other varieties of Mandarin Chinese pronounced the characters as Fah-lan-ki.

“During the reign of Chingtih (Zhengde) (1506), foreigners from the west called Fah-lan-ki (or Franks), who said they had tribute, abruptly entered the Bogue, and by their tremendously loud guns shook the place far and near. This was reported at court, and an order returned to drive them away immediately, and stop the trade.”

— Samuel Wells Williams, The Middle Kingdom: A Survey of the Geography, Government, Education, Social Life, Arts, Religion, &c. of the Chinese Empire and Its Inhabitants, 2 vol. (Wiley & Putnam, 1848).

Ibrahiim al Balooshi · 5th September 2016, 11:37 AM

But who were these Franks...?

Franks
(Redirected from Farangi)
This article is about the Frankish people and society. For the political development of the Franks, see Francia. For other uses, see Franks (disambiguation).

The Franks (Latin: Franci or gens Francorum) are historically first known as a group of Germanic tribes that inhabited the land between the Lower and Middle Rhine in the 3rd century AD, and second as the people of Gaul who merged with the Gallo-Roman populations during succeeding centuries, passing on their name to modern-day France and becoming part of the heritage of the modern French people.

Some Franks raided Roman territory, while other Frankish tribes joined the Roman troops of Gaul. In later times, Franks became the military rulers of the northern part of Roman Gaul. With the coronation of their ruler Charlemagne as Imperator Romanorum by Pope Leo III in 800 AD, he and his successors were recognised as legitimate successors to the emperors of the Western Roman Empire.

The Salian Franks lived on Roman-held soil between the Rhine, Scheldt, Meuse, and Somme rivers in what is now Northern France, Belgium and the southern Netherlands. The kingdom was acknowledged by the Romans after 357 AD. Following the collapse of Rome in the West, the Frankish tribes were united under the Merovingians, who succeeded in conquering most of Gaul in the 6th century, which greatly increased their power. The Merovingian dynasty, descendants of the Salians, founded one of the Germanic monarchies that would absorb large parts of the Western Roman Empire. The Frankish state consolidated its hold over the majority of western Europe by the end of the 8th century, developing into the Carolingian Empire. This empire would gradually evolve into the state of France and the Holy Roman Empire.

In the Middle Ages, the term Frank was used in the east as a synonym for western European, as the Franks were then rulers of most of Western Europe. The Franks in the east kept their Germanic language and became part of the Germans, Dutch, Flemings and Luxembourgers. The Franconian languages, which are called Frankisch in Dutch or Fränkisch in German, originated at least partly in the Old Frankish language of the Franks. Nowadays, the German and Dutch names for France are Frankreich and Frankrijk, respectively, both meaning "Realm of the Franks"

Ibrahiim al Balooshi · 1st October 2016, 04:52 PM

Oh and by the way... Frankincense; It's also known as olibanum, and its essential oil is often called "Oil of Lebanon." It's commonly recognized western name, frankincense, is said to have originated from the Frankish (French) Knights of the Crusades who treasured it in large quantities. Voila!!

fernando · 1st October 2016, 05:55 PM

In a different semantic, if i may ...
Franquincenso = incenso franco (frank, as for real, in the case), or Olíbano, from the Arab 'al ubán' (the milk), with reference to the milky sap that comes out of the olíbano when cut. In fact an aromatic resin largely used in the making of parfums and incense; obtained from African and Asian trees from the Boswellia family.
Olíbano was one of the three presents brought by the three Kings from the Orient to the birth of Jesus.
Actually the appearance of Christianity empoverished the market of olíbano by the IV century; the desertification made the routes of caravans that crossed the Rub' al-Khali become more risky and the increment of incursions by the Nomads from the Next Orient contributed for the end of its trade by the year 300.

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Ibrahiim al Balooshi · 2nd October 2016, 06:20 PM

Quote:

Originally Posted by fernando

In a different semantic, if i may ...
Franquincenso = incenso franco (frank, as for real, in the case), or Olíbano, from the Arab 'al ubán' (the milk), with reference to the milky sap that comes out of the olíbano when cut. In fact an aromatic resin largely used in the making of parfums and incense; obtained from African and Asian trees from the Boswellia family.
Olíbano was one of the three presents brought by the three Kings from the Orient to the birth of Jesus.
Actually the appearance of Christianity empoverished the market of olíbano by the IV century; the desertification made the routes of caravans that crossed the Rub' al-Khali become more risky and the increment of incursions by the Nomads from the Next Orient contributed for the end of its trade by the year 300.

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I lived in the Salalah region for 6 years and Mirbat is the key location for top quality L'ban or Frankincense. The locals collect it rather like rubber and make a small cut in the shrub collecting the white sap a day or two later. The Romans were big users and at the time it was worth its weight in gold... As you say the decline was in the first 400 years and parallel to the migration from the Mehrib dam in Yemen which essentially fell apart over the same broad period. The people of that region knew already the Frankincense route and followed that when they left . The shrub grows all over Oman however it is only cultivated in the south~ Dhofar region even today. The girls also use it crushed with orange juice as a herbal cure for stomach ache and sore throats...since it is full of tannin. We burn it every day here. It is an excellent defence against mosquitos and insects also....as well as a perfume.

5th September 2016, 11:37 AM	#2
Ibrahiim al Balooshi Member Join Date: Jul 2006 Location: Buraimi Oman, on the border with the UAE Posts: 4,408	Franks. But who were these Franks...? Franks (Redirected from Farangi) This article is about the Frankish people and society. For the political development of the Franks, see Francia. For other uses, see Franks (disambiguation). The Franks (Latin: Franci or gens Francorum) are historically first known as a group of Germanic tribes that inhabited the land between the Lower and Middle Rhine in the 3rd century AD, and second as the people of Gaul who merged with the Gallo-Roman populations during succeeding centuries, passing on their name to modern-day France and becoming part of the heritage of the modern French people. Some Franks raided Roman territory, while other Frankish tribes joined the Roman troops of Gaul. In later times, Franks became the military rulers of the northern part of Roman Gaul. With the coronation of their ruler Charlemagne as Imperator Romanorum by Pope Leo III in 800 AD, he and his successors were recognised as legitimate successors to the emperors of the Western Roman Empire. The Salian Franks lived on Roman-held soil between the Rhine, Scheldt, Meuse, and Somme rivers in what is now Northern France, Belgium and the southern Netherlands. The kingdom was acknowledged by the Romans after 357 AD. Following the collapse of Rome in the West, the Frankish tribes were united under the Merovingians, who succeeded in conquering most of Gaul in the 6th century, which greatly increased their power. The Merovingian dynasty, descendants of the Salians, founded one of the Germanic monarchies that would absorb large parts of the Western Roman Empire. The Frankish state consolidated its hold over the majority of western Europe by the end of the 8th century, developing into the Carolingian Empire. This empire would gradually evolve into the state of France and the Holy Roman Empire. In the Middle Ages, the term Frank was used in the east as a synonym for western European, as the Franks were then rulers of most of Western Europe. The Franks in the east kept their Germanic language and became part of the Germans, Dutch, Flemings and Luxembourgers. The Franconian languages, which are called Frankisch in Dutch or Fränkisch in German, originated at least partly in the Old Frankish language of the Franks. Nowadays, the German and Dutch names for France are Frankreich and Frankrijk, respectively, both meaning "Realm of the Franks"

1st October 2016, 05:55 PM	#4
fernando (deceased) Join Date: Dec 2004 Location: Portugal Posts: 9,694	In a different semantic, if i may ... Franquincenso = incenso franco (frank, as for real, in the case), or Olíbano, from the Arab 'al ubán' (the milk), with reference to the milky sap that comes out of the olíbano when cut. In fact an aromatic resin largely used in the making of parfums and incense; obtained from African and Asian trees from the Boswellia family. Olíbano was one of the three presents brought by the three Kings from the Orient to the birth of Jesus. Actually the appearance of Christianity empoverished the market of olíbano by the IV century; the desertification made the routes of caravans that crossed the Rub' al-Khali become more risky and the increment of incursions by the Nomads from the Next Orient contributed for the end of its trade by the year 300. - Attached Images

4th September 2016, 11:51 AM	#1
fernando (deceased) Join Date: Dec 2004 Location: Portugal Posts: 9,694	The Chinese called the Portuguese Folangji 佛郎機 ("Franks") in the 1520s at the Battle of Tunmen and Battle of Xicaowan. Some other varieties of Mandarin Chinese pronounced the characters as Fah-lan-ki. “During the reign of Chingtih (Zhengde) (1506), foreigners from the west called Fah-lan-ki (or Franks), who said they had tribute, abruptly entered the Bogue, and by their tremendously loud guns shook the place far and near. This was reported at court, and an order returned to drive them away immediately, and stop the trade.” — Samuel Wells Williams, The Middle Kingdom: A Survey of the Geography, Government, Education, Social Life, Arts, Religion, &c. of the Chinese Empire and Its Inhabitants, 2 vol. (Wiley & Putnam, 1848).

1st October 2016, 04:52 PM	#3
Ibrahiim al Balooshi Member Join Date: Jul 2006 Location: Buraimi Oman, on the border with the UAE Posts: 4,408	Oh and by the way... Frankincense; It's also known as olibanum, and its essential oil is often called "Oil of Lebanon." It's commonly recognized western name, frankincense, is said to have originated from the Frankish (French) Knights of the Crusades who treasured it in large quantities. Voila!!