an insight into museums and collections

[wolviex]

Originally Posted by Jens Nordlunde

Michael, Reading you mail makes me even more sad than reading Brian’s

Ok. I think we are tragedize too much. There are many pros of museums any way. Let's see:

Many of the great scholars were working in Museums. Thanks to them we know what we know.

Museums are still the places were you can get experience, you can learn a lot, and last but not least - they're still stimulating centers for science (e.g. historical, archeological etc.)

All in all I think that collections are safe in Museums. For example: my museum was founded in 19th century. It was at the time when Poland didn't politically exist, then it get through 1st WW, 2nd WW and communists regime. Of course there are museums that lost many of the collections during these hard days, but my preserved in very well condition. We could secure evacuation for the objects, and those which stayed were treaten with respects even by invaders. Some of them were stolen, but we still are recovering them from whole world with success. From my military department there were nothing lost! Ironicaly, there were few objects stolen during peaceful times.

Another thing is that collections are safe here in wholeness and hardly ever they are sentenced to dispersion, while I knew and heard about many collectors, whoes work of life after their death was sold out by family on every world's direction. While biggest collections given for museums are treaten with respect and sometimes there are called after the collector's name.

[Jens Nordlunde]

Michael,

You may be right that things seldom are stolen from museums – although there are examples, also recently ones. Some suggestions have been brought forward, as how to try to help, and none of them seem to be optimal. You sit in the middle of the situation, what would you suggest? How do you see the future, do you think the museums will get better possibilities for conservation, better exhibitions?

To be quit honest – I don’t, and I don’t want to tell you why, as I would have to get into politics, and would get into troubles with the moderators, but I think you get the idea.

Jens

[wolviex]

Originally Posted by Jens Nordlunde

How do you see the future, do you think the museums will get better possibilities for conservation, better exhibitions?

I'm not optimistic either. I think that Museums are institutions of higher purposes, and it should be funded by government. Of course it's day-dream while not every museum is under government protection, but I can talk only about the biggest, National ones. Museums in Poland, judging from what I can see everyday, won't earn money on tourists. There is not so many of them. And you can't force people to visit museum. Some of them (most of them?) just aren't interestet. Museum is not a cinema where you're going just to relax and fun, it's cultural institution, and because of that for many people it is equal to boring institution! You'll have to change mentality of people to change the rest. There are some ways to increase the income from tourists, but it will be always not enough to keep the institution in life without additional money.
Here in my Museum, when we have to preserve some important object, but project is very expensive, we are depending on sponsors and it works. There are also some other, not museum way of earning money - hiring the local. So we've got fairs and conferences in museal rooms. Sometimes it is grotesque when the exhibition is removed (!!!) for e. g. two days, and then we are installing exhibition again. But there are real big money from such events.
But for real these are very complex problems. I'm not museum theorist but just historic who is trying to get some knowledge about weapons gathered in my Museum, so maybe I'm not the best person for discuss

[Rick]

This may sound silly but this discussion of museums and preserving the past brings to mind the great science fiction novel by Larry Niven and Jerry Pournelle , The Mote In God's Eye .

The book is about an alien race that cannot control its population increase and their society goes through regular cycles of crashes back to the stone age . In that book Museums were used as the keys to redevelopment of technology .

just an OT observation ...

[Battara]

Rick, I read part of that book and could not get into it (though I thought the idea of a Scottish space fleet interesting).

There is one exception to this forboding. Here in Louisville, KY, US we have things like the Frazier Arms Museum. Although attendance is lower than what they would have liked, it displays arms and adds martial and historical re-enactments to the show. Most of the arms displayed come from the basement of the Royal Armouries in Great Britain. Although mostly European and American in focus, there is a smatering of ethnographic stuff. Some of us on this forum have visited and enjoyed.

On a side note, I was originally asked to be a consultant for the museum until the original group working on the internet portion fell apart. Now I'm just another customer.

[BluErf]

I understand how collectors feel when they see fantastic specimens that they could hardly get in the market crumble and decay with neglect in a Museum. But lets face it, Museums are not passionate collectors who will take care of their collection with all the loving care they can spare. If the weapons are like our children, Museums are like orphanages. It may not be the best place, but at least some decent care is dished out by the Museums.

Moreover, collectors lose interest, get lazy and forget. A well-kept collection could as easily fall into a decrepit state when the collector falters in his passion. More often than not, collectors pass on and you know what their children do to the collection that they never cared about...

All things are impermanent; all things that are made will eventually be unmade. It is the natural way of things. Clinging on otherwise is probably not going to change much, but it would certainly add more worry lines and white hairs to ourselves. We do what we can and let the rest take its natural course.

[wolviex]

Because I was writing about responsibility of Museums for their objects, and necessity to find funds for preserving their collection as a fundamental, I think it won't be unsensibly to quote the ethic rules which are obligatory in Museums united by ICOM (The Internatonal Council of Museums). Here I decided to quote only those which seemed to me basic in the light of my recent words: preserve, conserve, trained staff etc. as the most important. If someone is interested more in the subject please go to the site of ICOM http://icom.museum/, where you can find many interesting links, just as this code of ethics :

From Statute of ICOM:

Article 2 - Definitions
1. A museum is a non-profit making, permanent institution in the service of society and of its development, and open to the public, which acquires, conserves, researches, communicates and exhibits, for purposes of study, education and enjoyment, material evidence of people and their environment.

ICOM Code of Ethics for Museums

1. Museums preserve, interpret and promote the natural and cultural inheritance of humanity
Principle: Museums are responsible for the tangible and intangible natural and cultural heritage. Governing bodies and those concerned with the strategic direction and oversight of museums have a primary responsibility to protect and promote this heritage as well as the human, physical and financial resources made available for that purpose.
PERSONNEL
1.11 Employment Policy
The governing body should ensure that all action concerning personnel is taken in accordance with the policies of the museum as well as the proper and legal procedures.
1.14 Competence of Museum Personnel
The employment of qualified personnel with the expertise required to meet all responsibilities is necessary
1.15 Training of Personnel
Adequate opportunities for the continuing education and professional development of all museum personnel should be arranged to maintain an effective workforce.
1.17 Museum Personnel and Volunteers
The governing body should have a written policy on volunteer work which promotes a positive relationship between volunteers and members of the museum profession.
1.18 Volunteers and Ethics
The governing body should ensure that volunteers, when conducting museum and personal activities, are fully conversant with the ICOM Code of Ethics and other applicable codes and laws.

2. Museums that maintain collections hold them in trust for the benefit of society and its development.
Principle: Museums have the duty to acquire, preserve and promote their collections as a contribution to safeguarding the natural, cultural and scientific heritage. Their collections are a significant public inheritance, have a special position in law and are protected by international legislation. Inherent in this public trust is the notion of stewardship that includes rightful ownership, permanence, documentation, accessibility and responsible disposal.
ARE OF COLLECTIONS
2.18 Collection Continuity
The museum should establish and apply policies to ensure that their collections (both permanent and temporary) and associated information, properly recorded, are available for current usage and will be passed on to future generations in as good and safe a condition as practicable, having regard to current knowledge and resources.
2.19 Delegation of Collection Responsibility
Professional responsibilities involving the care of the collections should be assigned to persons with the appropriate knowledge and skill or who are adequately supervised
2.20 Documentation of Collections
Museum collections should be documented according to accepted professional standards. This documentation should include a full identification and description of each item, its associations, provenance, condition, treatment and present location. Such data should be kept in a secure environment and be supported with retrieval systems providing access to the information by the museum personnel and other legitimate users.
2.21 Protection Against Disasters
Careful attention should be given to the development of policies to protect the collections during armed conflict and other man-made and natural disasters2.24 Collection Conservation and Restoration
The museum should carefully monitor the condition of collections to determine when an object or specimen may require conservation-restoration work and the services of a qualified conservator-restorer. The principle goal should be the stabilisation of the object or specimen. All conservation procedures should be documented and as reversible as possible, and all alterations should be clearly identifiable from the original object or specimen.
2.26 Personal Use of Museum Collections
Museum personnel, the governing body, their families, close associates, or others should not be permitted to expropriate items from the museum collections, even temporarily, for any personal use.

FUNDS:
I cheked out what about funds in my museum. Just as I said before, there is no way to exist Museum without government refinance. For example (information given to the public) income of the museum from itself activity is 300,000 pln, dotation: 1,900,000 pln (ca. 6,3 times more, while only salaries for workers needs ca. 1,000,000 PLN or even more!). So without government help/duty Museum would be ruined, while it can't survive alone.

Originally Posted by BluErf

But lets face it, Museums are not passionate collectors who will take care of their collection with all the loving care they can spare. If the weapons are like our children, Museums are like orphanages. It may not be the best place, but at least some decent care is dished out by the Museums.

Dear BluErf, in the light of ICOM statute and passion of so many people to survive in hard museum conditions, your words seems to be a little harmful. In the light of all of this, Museums should be the ONLY place to keep objects (of course it is not so in reality). Museums definitely are not "orphanages". I feel the same passion as you, and I love "my" objects with the same love as you, and I'm not the only one. Among the collectors and museum workers you will find the same passion but ignorance as well, so I don't think that discussion: what is better - Museum or collector's house, is really necessary!.

All the best
Michal