M a j a p a h i t R e v i s i t e d

ganjawulung · 28th June 2007, 03:12 PM

Quote:

Originally Posted by PenangsangII

My trip to the National Library didnt yield anything WRT keris Jalak Sangu Tumpeng. However, a little information was found right under my nose in the compilation works of A.H. Hill in "The Keris and Other Malay Weapons" that the particular dapur was attributed ONLY to Mpu (Aria) Hanggareksa.

According to tutur tinular (unwritten folk lore), keris Jalak Sangu Tumpeng was commissioned by Ranggalawe who was both Singhasari & Majapahit nobleman.

Dear Penangsang,
According to an old Javanese book, "Panangguhing Duwung" (The Tangguh of Keris), King of Majapahit Prabu Brawijaya I commissioned keris with dapur of Jalak Sangutumpeng to Empu Hangga in Tapan in the Caka (Saka) year of 1303 or 1381 CE. (But this is confusing, because according to MC Ricklefs -- A History of Modern Indonesia Since c 1300 -- Brawijaya I or Kertawijaya reigned 1447-1451. There was discrepancy of more than 50 years...)

The Javanese text is as follows: "... Pandjenenganipoen nata Praboe Brawidjaja ingkang kapisan, ijasa dedamel, noeroen dedamel dapoer Djalaksangoetoempeng, kalijan dapoer Djalaksamelanggandring, saha dapoer Mangkoerat, toewin dapoer Mangkoenagara, ingkang damel Empoe Hangga ing Tapan, kala ing taoen tjandra-sangkala 1303.."

The translation, "His Majesty King Brawijaya the first, commissioned -- copying the dapur Jalak Sangutumpeng, and dapur Jalak Sumelang Gandring, dapur Mangkurat, and also dapur Mangkunagara. Was made by Empu Hangga from Tapan, in the Saka year of 1303..."

About who was Empu Hangga, the Javanese book told us that Empu Hangga was the grandson of the well known Pajajaran's Empu Marcukunda. Empu Hangga dwelled in Tapan.

During Majapahit era, Empu Hangga from Tapan changed name as Empu Singkir because of "wisik" (whispers) from the late Empu Anjani his grand-grand father, once in his dreaming.

Ganjawulung

A. G. Maisey · 29th June 2007, 12:25 AM

Pak Ganja, I don't know what year Panangguhing Dhuwung ( Mas Ngabehi Wirosoekadgo) was first published, but it mentions PB X, so it is clearly after about 1900, possibly even as late as the 1950's.Incidentally, the text you have quoted from Panangguhing Dhuwung, I cannot locate. I have a photocopy of the edition from the Mangkunegaraan library, and what looks like a second edition without the drawings of keris.I cannot find this text in either edition. Could you assist me by giving me a page number, or a heading? Thanks.

I would like to mention another book, "Silsilah Keturunan Empu Tanah Jawa" (Pangeran Wijil I)

When do we think this might have been written? Possibly during the 18th century?

I have never done an analysis of "Dhuwung". against "Silsilah", but my reading of both books seems to indicate that a major primary source for what is in "Dhuwung" is Pangeran Wijil's work, this would apply most especially to early periods.If not directly drawn from "Silsilah", it is probably reasonable to assume that it is indirectly drawn from that, because by the time Panangguhing was written, the contents of "Silsilah" had already passed into the belief system

If Silsilah Keturunan Empu Tanah Jawa was written in the 18th century, that means it was written 400 years after the period when Empu Hangga might have existed.

One must query the sources upon which Pangeran Wijil might have drawn to produce his work, one must also consider the social and political motivation for the production of "Silsilah".

As to whom Empu Hangga was, this is Empu Angga , son of Empu Manca, grandson of Marcukunda, great grandson of Empu Anjani, brother of Empus Kuwung, Keleng, and Sombro. Empu Angga's line continued with Empu Jigja, his son, but stopped with his grandson, Empu Mandangkara.Empu Keleng's line continued all the way through to Empu Lujuguna IV, and Empu Maragati. This is from Pangeran Wijil's Silsilah.

Possibly it may serve our knowledge of the keris better were we to acknowledge that the "history" of the keris, as preserved in Javanese popular belief has its roots in the writings of court scribes, beginning no earlier than the Kartosuro era. Enquiry into the social and political conditions which prevailed in Jawa during this period may be useful in gaining an understanding of the roots of keris history as a part of Javanese popular belief.

ganjawulung · 29th June 2007, 05:45 AM

Quote:

Originally Posted by A. G. Maisey

Pak Ganja, I don't know what year Panangguhing Dhuwung ( Mas Ngabehi Wirosoekadgo) was first published, but it mentions PB X, so it is clearly after about 1900, possibly even as late as the 1950's.Incidentally, the text you have quoted from Panangguhing Dhuwung, I cannot locate. I have a photocopy of the edition from the Mangkunegaraan library, and what looks like a second edition without the drawings of keris.I cannot find this text in either edition. Could you assist me by giving me a page number, or a heading? Thanks.

Dear Alan,
I don't know, which "Panangguhing Duwung" I have. These are the fotos of the first page of the book, and also the close-up of the page which mention the keris Jalak Sangu Tumpeng (spelled as Djalaksangoetoempeng).. I do hope it will help...

Ganjawulung

A. G. Maisey · 29th June 2007, 07:13 AM

Thanks Pak Ganja.

That text and picture are not in either of the copies I have, so it looks like we have a third version of "Panangguhing".

Are you able to give the author and publication details of your copy?

ganjawulung · 29th June 2007, 08:25 AM

Dear Alan,

This Javanese keris book actually is a trilogy. But was binded in one book. The first part is about keris in general -- the history, the iron and babon (special source) from Cirebon litterature (66 pages), Name of the kings and the kerises they had commissioned was written in the second part (31 pages) and the third part is about dhapurs (30 pages). The book is not thick enough. Altogether only about 127 pages. Not mentioned the year of the printing, nor the publisher. But is seems that it was published by either Kraton solo or the noble man of that palace.

Ganjawulung

PenangsangII · 29th June 2007, 08:36 AM

Thanks Pak Ganja, Alan. How I wish I were in Indonesia where a lot of keris resources were readily available.

From all the available versions of Panungging Dhuwung, is there any mention about Mpu Gandring. Was he a real or mythical character? The reason I ask is because there was a story (or theory) on another forum that the famous Hang Tuah's keris, the Taming Sari was actually the infamous keris that Ken Arok commissioned and was forged by Mpu Gandring. Thanks in advance.

A. G. Maisey · 29th June 2007, 09:23 AM

deleted:- duplication

A. G. Maisey · 29th June 2007, 09:25 AM

And thank you again , Pak Ganja.

So it does look as if what you have given us is from a source other than the famous work by Ng. Wirosoekadgo.

Actually, the form of that page you were kind enough to provide us with reminds me of something I've seen. If I get a chance I'll go through my files, its possible I could have a copy of that.

Regarding Empu Gandring, if one believes he was real, he was real.

I personally feel that he was a legend, but after hundreds of years and taking into account the nature of records in old Jawa, if anybody wants to say he was real, I won't argue with them.

A. G. Maisey · 29th June 2007, 11:25 AM

I knew I'd seen that picture and that form of words before.

Pak Ganja, the first page of your three part book is from a liitle booklet printed in Solo in 1934. It is called "Pakem Doewoeng Angka I, Wesi Adji", and was printed by Stroomdrukkerij "De Bliksem".

The part of your book that tells about Prabu Browijoyo I and sangutumpeng is from an unnamed manuscript that was owned by PB IX, the drawings were done by Ng. Sawikromo. I have a photocopy of the original, not the romanised version. I cannot read Javanese script, so I had it translated into Indonesian.

However, I'm sure I've seen the romanised Javanese text somewhere too.

But here's an interesting thing:- Empu Angga was a Pajajaran empu; that's where the Silsilah places him, but he worked for a Mojo ruler.

What is the other part of your three part book, Pak Ganja? I may be able to identify that also.

29th June 2007, 08:25 AM	#5
ganjawulung Member Join Date: May 2007 Location: J a k a r t a Posts: 991	Three in One Dear Alan, This Javanese keris book actually is a trilogy. But was binded in one book. The first part is about keris in general -- the history, the iron and babon (special source) from Cirebon litterature (66 pages), Name of the kings and the kerises they had commissioned was written in the second part (31 pages) and the third part is about dhapurs (30 pages). The book is not thick enough. Altogether only about 127 pages. Not mentioned the year of the printing, nor the publisher. But is seems that it was published by either Kraton solo or the noble man of that palace. Ganjawulung

29th June 2007, 12:25 AM	#2
A. G. Maisey Member Join Date: May 2006 Posts: 7,084	Pak Ganja, I don't know what year Panangguhing Dhuwung ( Mas Ngabehi Wirosoekadgo) was first published, but it mentions PB X, so it is clearly after about 1900, possibly even as late as the 1950's.Incidentally, the text you have quoted from Panangguhing Dhuwung, I cannot locate. I have a photocopy of the edition from the Mangkunegaraan library, and what looks like a second edition without the drawings of keris.I cannot find this text in either edition. Could you assist me by giving me a page number, or a heading? Thanks. I would like to mention another book, "Silsilah Keturunan Empu Tanah Jawa" (Pangeran Wijil I) When do we think this might have been written? Possibly during the 18th century? I have never done an analysis of "Dhuwung". against "Silsilah", but my reading of both books seems to indicate that a major primary source for what is in "Dhuwung" is Pangeran Wijil's work, this would apply most especially to early periods.If not directly drawn from "Silsilah", it is probably reasonable to assume that it is indirectly drawn from that, because by the time Panangguhing was written, the contents of "Silsilah" had already passed into the belief system If Silsilah Keturunan Empu Tanah Jawa was written in the 18th century, that means it was written 400 years after the period when Empu Hangga might have existed. One must query the sources upon which Pangeran Wijil might have drawn to produce his work, one must also consider the social and political motivation for the production of "Silsilah". As to whom Empu Hangga was, this is Empu Angga , son of Empu Manca, grandson of Marcukunda, great grandson of Empu Anjani, brother of Empus Kuwung, Keleng, and Sombro. Empu Angga's line continued with Empu Jigja, his son, but stopped with his grandson, Empu Mandangkara.Empu Keleng's line continued all the way through to Empu Lujuguna IV, and Empu Maragati. This is from Pangeran Wijil's Silsilah. Possibly it may serve our knowledge of the keris better were we to acknowledge that the "history" of the keris, as preserved in Javanese popular belief has its roots in the writings of court scribes, beginning no earlier than the Kartosuro era. Enquiry into the social and political conditions which prevailed in Jawa during this period may be useful in gaining an understanding of the roots of keris history as a part of Javanese popular belief.

29th June 2007, 07:13 AM	#4
A. G. Maisey Member Join Date: May 2006 Posts: 7,084	Thanks Pak Ganja. That text and picture are not in either of the copies I have, so it looks like we have a third version of "Panangguhing". Are you able to give the author and publication details of your copy?

29th June 2007, 08:36 AM	#6
PenangsangII Member Join Date: Jun 2007 Posts: 401	Thanks Pak Ganja, Alan. How I wish I were in Indonesia where a lot of keris resources were readily available. From all the available versions of Panungging Dhuwung, is there any mention about Mpu Gandring. Was he a real or mythical character? The reason I ask is because there was a story (or theory) on another forum that the famous Hang Tuah's keris, the Taming Sari was actually the infamous keris that Ken Arok commissioned and was forged by Mpu Gandring. Thanks in advance.

29th June 2007, 09:23 AM	#7
A. G. Maisey Member Join Date: May 2006 Posts: 7,084	deleted:- duplication

29th June 2007, 09:25 AM	#8
A. G. Maisey Member Join Date: May 2006 Posts: 7,084	And thank you again , Pak Ganja. So it does look as if what you have given us is from a source other than the famous work by Ng. Wirosoekadgo. Actually, the form of that page you were kind enough to provide us with reminds me of something I've seen. If I get a chance I'll go through my files, its possible I could have a copy of that. Regarding Empu Gandring, if one believes he was real, he was real. I personally feel that he was a legend, but after hundreds of years and taking into account the nature of records in old Jawa, if anybody wants to say he was real, I won't argue with them.

29th June 2007, 11:25 AM	#9
A. G. Maisey Member Join Date: May 2006 Posts: 7,084	I knew I'd seen that picture and that form of words before. Pak Ganja, the first page of your three part book is from a liitle booklet printed in Solo in 1934. It is called "Pakem Doewoeng Angka I, Wesi Adji", and was printed by Stroomdrukkerij "De Bliksem". The part of your book that tells about Prabu Browijoyo I and sangutumpeng is from an unnamed manuscript that was owned by PB IX, the drawings were done by Ng. Sawikromo. I have a photocopy of the original, not the romanised version. I cannot read Javanese script, so I had it translated into Indonesian. However, I'm sure I've seen the romanised Javanese text somewhere too. But here's an interesting thing:- Empu Angga was a Pajajaran empu; that's where the Silsilah places him, but he worked for a Mojo ruler. What is the other part of your three part book, Pak Ganja? I may be able to identify that also.