Pata sword with European blade - Page 4

mahratt · 7th August 2016, 10:07 PM

Quote:

Originally Posted by Jens Nordlunde

Interesting pictures. From where are they?

This miniaturepaintings my friend bought in London by the well-known collector of miniatures - Piter.

Jens Nordlunde · 8th August 2016, 09:05 AM

Do you know how old the miniature is?

mahratt · 8th August 2016, 09:12 AM

Quote:

Originally Posted by Jens Nordlunde

Do you know how old the miniature is?

This is the end of the 18th century, if my memory serves me. When my friend come from vacation, I'll ask him for sure. This miniature was at an exhibition in Brussels:
http://www.vikingsword.com/vb/showth...light=Brussels

Ibrahiim al Balooshi · 8th August 2016, 12:17 PM

First an interesting look at the choreography of fighting with two Dandpata at the same time; please see https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qV25-ORDeUg and imagine being in the arena trying to fight this technique.

Secondly a look at http://wallacelive.wallacecollection...ype=detailView Abraham Stamm blade on a PATA; By the way PATA means paw in Portuguese) ; The blade clearly marked with Stamm on one blade surface and Solingen on the reverse. Stamm was active between 1700 and 1729.

Finally, Please note ; Another Stamm appears at http://www.vikingsword.com/vb/showth...ighlight=stamm . Quite usually his blade stamp is two; STAMM STAMM. That may also be the case at the bolster at the throat concealing the full inscription at para 2 above..

mariusgmioc · 8th August 2016, 03:10 PM

Thank you Ibrahiim very much, for this magnificent example and for the link to the clip with the fighting style.

Ibrahiim al Balooshi · 9th August 2016, 02:56 AM

Quote:

Originally Posted by mariusgmioc

Thank you Ibrahiim very much, for this magnificent example and for the link to the clip with the fighting style.

Thank you... I hope it was helpful...I just noticed that Stamm is preceeded by a letter M...The blade maker usually placed his name as STAMM STAMM thus, this is the case here.

Ibrahiim.

Ibrahiim al Balooshi · 17th August 2016, 11:57 PM

I have never seen birds on these weapons before..

Jerseyman · 19th August 2016, 09:35 PM

Hi Marius,

Sorry for taking so long to respond - you're absolutely right in your observation, very few strikes will be absolutely perpendicular to the target. Consequently there will always be some flex in the blade - my doubt resides in the assertion that blades were deliberately made very flexible as a positive asset.

It seems to me that a certain amount of flex is to be desired, but too much flex would be extremely detrimental to the power and accuracy of the attack or its follow-up. And I assume that historically, various armourers must have made a study of the compromise between stiffness/flexibility, hardness/strength, edge-holding capability etc.

Quite a few antique blades I've handled of generic 'european' sword length seem to be tempered to a moderate flex where the top half of the blade will bend to roughly 30º then snap back to true. Certainly not all - and I suspect that might be a reflection of function - some blades are obviously designed to be stiffer. Taking the various British cavalry sabres of the 19C as an example - to my very untutored eyes they seem to get stiffer through the century - perhaps adjusting to the changing role of cavalry? Or simply the gradual straightening of the design? I acknowledge that I am speculating about something of which I know little. I have both a parang nabur and a shotel with moderately stiff blades and a full-length flyssa with a blade that I couldn't bend if I tried. Is stiffness v. flex down to function or choice?

I seem to recall seeing a tv series on weapons by Mike Loades in which there was a demonstration of cavalrymen cutting cabbages/melons. The cuts were then shown in extreme slow-motion and the amount of cavitation/flex in what seemed to be very stiff blades was extraordinary. Which seemed to suggest that no matter how stiff the blade the impact of a strike will have a massive impact on it - at a speed too fast for the eye to follow. I cannot now recollect which blades they were using. Unfortunately I can't find that footage anywhere - if anyone else can find it please do post it as it's fascinating.

I'm about to post a single-edged pata on a new thread with a well-tempered blade that bends as I describe above and snaps back to straight.

I guess to finish up, I just don't buy that a very flexible blade is more effective in attack.

Happy to be shown the error of my ways....

kronckew · 20th August 2016, 07:18 AM

one of my swords came with a copy of it's british proof test passing. blade was clamped and tip moved to either side 30 degrees and had to spring back to zero each time.

a certain amount of flex is good, for shock absorption, but too much can prevent a thrust or ruin a cut, especially if the opponent has any kind of armour or padding. a wobbly blade is not designed to do either, it's designed that way in a few indian and chinese weapons to enhance the wobble and flutter to make cool noises as it is danced with. some blades, like the pata and wushu dao are degenerate designes based on the older and stiffer weapons actually designed to be used in battle. if ypu see videos of 'stiff' katana cutting stuff, tatami & bamboo, you can be surprised at how much they do wobble during the cut, longitudinally and transverse.

there are still two schools of thought on straight vs. curved blades. straight blades are better for thrusting, curved for cutting. the debate was strong during the latter half of the 19c. people thrust thru tend to die (with certain notable exceptions, like jim bowie in the sandbank via a sword-stick blade), people cut tend to have ghastly disabling wounds, but many with care recover nicely, tho they may remain disabled. modern medicine of course can now save many who would have died, thru techniques learned from past wars. it does take up resources tho.

thus many countries decided to go for straighter blades & emphasized the killing thust. the last cavalry sword design in the USA and the UK were essentially thrusting weapons and were used as short lances, and no emphasis was placed on training to do anything else but poke it into the enemy's body and avoid breaking your wrist as you rode past. cutting emphasizes the exchange of blows and parries in defence, requiring a more static tho fluid movements that need a fair amount of training or experience. in the age of the machine gun, the conscripts had little formal training before they were needed to become cannon fodder in the senseless charges into the spandaus and vickers MGs.

they brutal, facts are tho, that you should try to disable your enemy with a nice gory wound and tie up your enemy with casualties that need manpower to care for, transport and housing, and need precious resources, food and medicines.

a dead man takes no one and needs nothing past his grave digger, while an injured man can take up the precious time of on average 5 people who need food and housing, transport etc. till he is well enough to be sent home to shock his countrymen with his wound scars or missing lopped off limbs.

mariusgmioc · 20th August 2016, 07:41 AM

Hello and thank you Jerseyman and Kronckew for your very interesting postings!

Yes, flexibility of a blade should be optimised.

Too little of it and the blade or arm may break or in the best case throw you out of balance and too much of it would render the blade useless as it won't be able to cut/stab anything because of bending.

Yet, I believe that most of standard European broadsword blades were too stiff for the Pata fighting style.

However, It is possible there were different styles or techniques of fighting adapted to diferent types of blades, but nowdays only the more spectacular swirling style involving extremely flexible (and useless for real combat) blades survived.

Jens Nordlunde · 29th October 2018, 04:34 PM

Fernando,
I am really not sure, as it looks as if on the blade, just under the langet, there is an 'L' - see your detail picture of the blade, post 27. So maybe there is an inscrpition under the langet.
Jens

Jim McDougall · 29th October 2018, 08:40 PM

Quote:

Originally Posted by Jens Nordlunde

Fernando,
I am really not sure, as it looks as if on the blade, just under the langet, there is an 'L' - see your detail picture of the blade, post 27. So maybe there is an inscrpition under the langet.
Jens

While this question was from some time back, isnt this pata Fernando is referring to looks like a dramatically cut down European blade and the 'L' is likely the last letter of the name on the blade. The cross and orb device was usually used in a motif fashion to close a phrase or wording or in cases a name. Looks 17th c.

fernando · 29th October 2018, 10:23 PM

Quote:

Originally Posted by Jens Nordlunde

Fernando,
I am really not sure, as it looks as if on the blade, just under the langet, there is an 'L' - see your detail picture of the blade, post 27. So maybe there is an inscrpition under the langet.
Jens

Jens, if i was an imaginative person, and based on the blade being European, i would venture that the "L" is the last letter of Portugal. And this should take me to ask you if there isn't also a letter emerging from the langet on the other side

.

Jens Nordlunde · 29th October 2018, 10:24 PM

Yes Jim, a name could be hidden behind the langet - but we will never find out, as I am not going to take it apart - thempting, but no.

Ok Fernando, I have hakan a pictire of the other side, here it is. It looks as if there is an 'E' just under the langet.

Jim McDougall · 30th October 2018, 12:06 AM

Thank you Jens for the great image on this. In seeing these up close it appears these lines, the cross and orb and whatever those letters are have been drawn or inscribed into a kind of simulated fuller. That last letter looks like a lazy 'Y'.
To me this suggests probably an Indian made blade estimating the markings often seen on European ones. The character of the globe and cross is very artistic compared to the European ones, and it seems usually not used as a terminus like this, but appears on its own. I do know of some cases where it does occur like this but usually it is an anchor in this place.

Helleri · 30th October 2018, 12:31 AM

Just as a matter of curiosity would it be possible to get a picture of the inside of the sleeve?

fernando · 30th October 2018, 01:15 PM

Quote:

Originally Posted by Jens Nordlunde

... Ok Fernando, I have hakan a pictire of the other side, here it is. It looks as if there is an 'E' just under the langet.

VIVA EL REY
DE PORTUGAL

Jens Nordlunde · 30th October 2018, 04:07 PM

Helleri, I dont know how to do this, does anyone have an idea?
Would X-ray show anything? If it is possible, there will, no doubt, be so much dirt under the langet, so it will be impossible to see anything.

Fernando, maybe you are right. If you are it would be most interesting.
Do you have a picture showing the text from another blade?
How old would you estimate the blade to be?

fernando · 30th October 2018, 05:29 PM

Quote:

Originally Posted by Jens Nordlunde

... Fernando, maybe you are right. If you are it would be most interesting. Do you have a picture showing the text from another blade?
How old would you estimate the blade to be ?...

As you put it Jens, this is a maybe

.
Here is a 'bad' example of sword for the case, just to show you the clear text.This sword is from the XVIII century, whereas this type of inscription must have started to appear by the second half XVII century (or post-1640), as a patriotic acclaim during the restoration of the independence.
The inscription 'good' format is in the second set of pictures, where in a cup hilted sword/rapier of my little collection you may (hardly) discern the faded inscription divided one half in each side of the blade.

.

Jens Nordlunde · 31st October 2018, 05:02 PM

Fernando,

Thank you for the pictures.
Do you have any pictures showing what the inscription on my blade might have looked like?

Edward F · 31st October 2018, 08:28 PM

im not sure you have enough space ,I used white paper with carbon paper and got impression of number 2 under langet

fernando · 1st November 2018, 11:32 AM

Quote:

Originally Posted by Jens Nordlunde

Fernando,

Thank you for the pictures.
Do you have any pictures showing what the inscription on my blade might have looked like?

No, idon't !
I even admit that this inscription has been written in different font styles, depending on the smith source and time line. Very often they were not engraved deeply enough to resist time and partly faded way. Here is one in a XVIII century small sword, a so called Quitó.

Jens Nordlunde · 1st November 2018, 04:50 PM

Thank you for the pictures Fernando.
Having looked at the blade once more, I still think it is an Indian copy of a blade from Portugal
It is interesting to notice that a lot of the blades looking European were in fact made in India.

Jim McDougall · 1st November 2018, 05:10 PM

Quote:

Originally Posted by Jens Nordlunde

Thank you for the pictures Fernando.
Having looked at the blade once more, I still think it is an Indian copy of a blade from Portugal
It is interesting to notice that a lot of the blades looking European were in fact made in India.

I very much agree with Jens. The 'globus cruciger" (globe and cross) seems 'artistically' applied in a rendering of that typically seen on German made blades, and probably what can be seen of a notable inscription theme on Portuguese swords. As the Portuguese were key in the post contact trade in India from 16th c. the numbers of blades extant must have been significant and ready subject matter to be copied by skilled Indian smiths. In later situations many of the blades were Solingen made though with the same themes.

fernando · 1st November 2018, 05:23 PM

Quote:

Originally Posted by Jens Nordlunde

Thank you for the pictures Fernando.
Having looked at the blade once more, I still think it is an Indian copy of a blade from Portugal
It is interesting to notice that a lot of the blades looking European were in fact made in India.

I would not mind subscribing your thoughts, Jens. That "Y" looks like a bit of a fantasy ... not to speak of that sort of "cross and orb" symbol approach.

.

kronckew · 1st November 2018, 07:49 PM

"... to notice that a lot of the blades looking European were in fact made in India"

or

"... to notice that a lot of the European blades were in fact made in India"

much like

"... to notice that a lot of the European blades were in fact made in Solingen"

Kubur · 2nd November 2018, 09:50 AM

Quote:

Originally Posted by fernando

VIVA EL REY
DE PORTUGAL

Mmmm the problem with Portugueses, everything has to be Portuguese...
And what about the Spanish??

fernando · 2nd November 2018, 02:59 PM

Quote:

Originally Posted by Kubur

Mmmm the problem with Portugueses, everything has to be Portuguese...
And what about the Spanish??

Would:
VIVA EL REY
DE ESPAÑA
... make you happy ?

By the way, the inscription on your blade most probably wasn't made by a Spaniard, but by a German (Solingen ?); i wouldn't know of España being written with a double NN

.

.

Lee · 2nd November 2018, 04:30 PM

Quote:

Originally Posted by Jens Nordlunde

Yes Jim, a name could be hidden behind the langet - but we will never find out, as I am not going to take it apart - tempting, but no.

I suppose if one had the contacts and resources, X-rays using modern digital detectors to generate images that can then be manipulated on a computer to apply false contrasts or color could disclose what the blade inscription actually says in an entirely non-destructive fashion. Of course, I have a European sword with an earlier medieval blade with what has been assumed in over a hundred years of literature to be the end of a medieval inscription, but I personally suspect it is only initials from the time of remounting and I do not have the contacts to lay that matter to rest. Similarly a couple of unproven possible Ulfberhts also remain in uncertainty. In any case, back on topic, that is one really nice pata!

Jim McDougall · 2nd November 2018, 05:44 PM

Actually the concerns over whether this blade is European...….and by the presumed inscription being Portuguese or Spanish seem entirely moot at this point, as has been well pointed out......the blades of both were typically by this period made in Solingen.

The apparent consensus is that the presumed inscription (artfully applied) is most likely on a blade made in India and that it is probably in imitation of something seen often on earlier European blades. As Portugal had presence in India primarily in western littoral in many locations since early 16th c. (known collectively as Goa)….it seems most probable that a Portuguese inscription might be the model for such inscription.

While the cross and orb is most commonly known on German made blades, we can presume that the model being copied is from a German blade.
While possible of course that a Spanish blade might have been at hand....the Spanish had no presence in India directly ….the Portuguese did ….in Southern India …...the regions where the pata prevailed.

As far as radiological examination of the inscription, one of the only enactors of that process that comes to mind is Dr. Cyril Mazansky (author of " British Basket Hilt Swords") who wrote an article on the x-ray examination of a basket hilt sword off a shipwreck in the Caribbean. Other than that the most usual application has been studying the metallurgical properties of blades in the study of wootz by Dr. Ann Fuerbach et al as far as I recall.

As noted , this requires profound connection to those with the very expensive equipment in use, and would be very expensive. As the dismantling of an historic and valuable sword would compromise its integrity in degree, this might be an alternative but with risk, expense and less than guaranteed results not worth it.

As we know the inscription is spurious, and that the blade is almost certainly not European.....I think it best to accept it for what it is....

a beautiful pata with Indian blade and artistically applied European inscription and motif.

8th August 2016, 12:17 PM	#94
Ibrahiim al Balooshi Member Join Date: Jul 2006 Location: Buraimi Oman, on the border with the UAE Posts: 4,408	First an interesting look at the choreography of fighting with two Dandpata at the same time; please see https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qV25-ORDeUg and imagine being in the arena trying to fight this technique. Secondly a look at http://wallacelive.wallacecollection...ype=detailView Abraham Stamm blade on a PATA; By the way PATA means paw in Portuguese) ; The blade clearly marked with Stamm on one blade surface and Solingen on the reverse. Stamm was active between 1700 and 1729. Finally, Please note ; Another Stamm appears at http://www.vikingsword.com/vb/showth...ighlight=stamm . Quite usually his blade stamp is two; STAMM STAMM. That may also be the case at the bolster at the throat concealing the full inscription at para 2 above.. Attached Images Last edited by Ibrahiim al Balooshi; 8th August 2016 at 01:12 PM.

8th August 2016, 03:10 PM	#95
mariusgmioc Member Join Date: Sep 2014 Location: Austria Posts: 1,903	Thank you Ibrahiim very much, for this magnificent example and for the link to the clip with the fighting style. Last edited by mariusgmioc; 8th August 2016 at 03:39 PM.

17th August 2016, 11:57 PM	#97
Ibrahiim al Balooshi Member Join Date: Jul 2006 Location: Buraimi Oman, on the border with the UAE Posts: 4,408	I have never seen birds on these weapons before.. Attached Images

29th October 2018, 10:24 PM	#104
Jens Nordlunde Member Join Date: Dec 2004 Location: Europe Posts: 2,718	Yes Jim, a name could be hidden behind the langet - but we will never find out, as I am not going to take it apart - thempting, but no. Ok Fernando, I have hakan a pictire of the other side, here it is. It looks as if there is an 'E' just under the langet. Attached Images Last edited by Jens Nordlunde; 29th October 2018 at 10:35 PM.

30th October 2018, 04:07 PM	#108
Jens Nordlunde Member Join Date: Dec 2004 Location: Europe Posts: 2,718	Helleri, I dont know how to do this, does anyone have an idea? Would X-ray show anything? If it is possible, there will, no doubt, be so much dirt under the langet, so it will be impossible to see anything. Fernando, maybe you are right. If you are it would be most interesting. Do you have a picture showing the text from another blade? How old would you estimate the blade to be? Last edited by Jens Nordlunde; 30th October 2018 at 04:24 PM.

8th August 2016, 09:05 AM	#92
Jens Nordlunde Member Join Date: Dec 2004 Location: Europe Posts: 2,718	Do you know how old the miniature is?

19th August 2016, 09:35 PM	#98
Jerseyman Member Join Date: Oct 2009 Posts: 97	Hi Marius, Sorry for taking so long to respond - you're absolutely right in your observation, very few strikes will be absolutely perpendicular to the target. Consequently there will always be some flex in the blade - my doubt resides in the assertion that blades were deliberately made very flexible as a positive asset. It seems to me that a certain amount of flex is to be desired, but too much flex would be extremely detrimental to the power and accuracy of the attack or its follow-up. And I assume that historically, various armourers must have made a study of the compromise between stiffness/flexibility, hardness/strength, edge-holding capability etc. Quite a few antique blades I've handled of generic 'european' sword length seem to be tempered to a moderate flex where the top half of the blade will bend to roughly 30º then snap back to true. Certainly not all - and I suspect that might be a reflection of function - some blades are obviously designed to be stiffer. Taking the various British cavalry sabres of the 19C as an example - to my very untutored eyes they seem to get stiffer through the century - perhaps adjusting to the changing role of cavalry? Or simply the gradual straightening of the design? I acknowledge that I am speculating about something of which I know little. I have both a parang nabur and a shotel with moderately stiff blades and a full-length flyssa with a blade that I couldn't bend if I tried. Is stiffness v. flex down to function or choice? I seem to recall seeing a tv series on weapons by Mike Loades in which there was a demonstration of cavalrymen cutting cabbages/melons. The cuts were then shown in extreme slow-motion and the amount of cavitation/flex in what seemed to be very stiff blades was extraordinary. Which seemed to suggest that no matter how stiff the blade the impact of a strike will have a massive impact on it - at a speed too fast for the eye to follow. I cannot now recollect which blades they were using. Unfortunately I can't find that footage anywhere - if anyone else can find it please do post it as it's fascinating. I'm about to post a single-edged pata on a new thread with a well-tempered blade that bends as I describe above and snaps back to straight. I guess to finish up, I just don't buy that a very flexible blade is more effective in attack. Happy to be shown the error of my ways....

20th August 2016, 07:18 AM	#99
kronckew Member Join Date: Mar 2006 Location: Room 101, Glos. UK Posts: 4,181	one of my swords came with a copy of it's british proof test passing. blade was clamped and tip moved to either side 30 degrees and had to spring back to zero each time. a certain amount of flex is good, for shock absorption, but too much can prevent a thrust or ruin a cut, especially if the opponent has any kind of armour or padding. a wobbly blade is not designed to do either, it's designed that way in a few indian and chinese weapons to enhance the wobble and flutter to make cool noises as it is danced with. some blades, like the pata and wushu dao are degenerate designes based on the older and stiffer weapons actually designed to be used in battle. if ypu see videos of 'stiff' katana cutting stuff, tatami & bamboo, you can be surprised at how much they do wobble during the cut, longitudinally and transverse. there are still two schools of thought on straight vs. curved blades. straight blades are better for thrusting, curved for cutting. the debate was strong during the latter half of the 19c. people thrust thru tend to die (with certain notable exceptions, like jim bowie in the sandbank via a sword-stick blade), people cut tend to have ghastly disabling wounds, but many with care recover nicely, tho they may remain disabled. modern medicine of course can now save many who would have died, thru techniques learned from past wars. it does take up resources tho. thus many countries decided to go for straighter blades & emphasized the killing thust. the last cavalry sword design in the USA and the UK were essentially thrusting weapons and were used as short lances, and no emphasis was placed on training to do anything else but poke it into the enemy's body and avoid breaking your wrist as you rode past. cutting emphasizes the exchange of blows and parries in defence, requiring a more static tho fluid movements that need a fair amount of training or experience. in the age of the machine gun, the conscripts had little formal training before they were needed to become cannon fodder in the senseless charges into the spandaus and vickers MGs. they brutal, facts are tho, that you should try to disable your enemy with a nice gory wound and tie up your enemy with casualties that need manpower to care for, transport and housing, and need precious resources, food and medicines. a dead man takes no one and needs nothing past his grave digger, while an injured man can take up the precious time of on average 5 people who need food and housing, transport etc. till he is well enough to be sent home to shock his countrymen with his wound scars or missing lopped off limbs.

20th August 2016, 07:41 AM	#100
mariusgmioc Member Join Date: Sep 2014 Location: Austria Posts: 1,903	Hello and thank you Jerseyman and Kronckew for your very interesting postings! Yes, flexibility of a blade should be optimised. Too little of it and the blade or arm may break or in the best case throw you out of balance and too much of it would render the blade useless as it won't be able to cut/stab anything because of bending. Yet, I believe that most of standard European broadsword blades were too stiff for the Pata fighting style. However, It is possible there were different styles or techniques of fighting adapted to diferent types of blades, but nowdays only the more spectacular swirling style involving extremely flexible (and useless for real combat) blades survived.

29th October 2018, 04:34 PM	#101
Jens Nordlunde Member Join Date: Dec 2004 Location: Europe Posts: 2,718	Fernando, I am really not sure, as it looks as if on the blade, just under the langet, there is an 'L' - see your detail picture of the blade, post 27. So maybe there is an inscrpition under the langet. Jens

30th October 2018, 12:06 AM	#105
Jim McDougall Arms Historian Join Date: Dec 2004 Location: Route 66 Posts: 9,942	Thank you Jens for the great image on this. In seeing these up close it appears these lines, the cross and orb and whatever those letters are have been drawn or inscribed into a kind of simulated fuller. That last letter looks like a lazy 'Y'. To me this suggests probably an Indian made blade estimating the markings often seen on European ones. The character of the globe and cross is very artistic compared to the European ones, and it seems usually not used as a terminus like this, but appears on its own. I do know of some cases where it does occur like this but usually it is an anchor in this place.

30th October 2018, 12:31 AM	#106
Helleri Member Join Date: Jan 2016 Location: Chino, CA. Posts: 219	Just as a matter of curiosity would it be possible to get a picture of the inside of the sleeve?

31st October 2018, 05:02 PM	#110
Jens Nordlunde Member Join Date: Dec 2004 Location: Europe Posts: 2,718	Fernando, Thank you for the pictures. Do you have any pictures showing what the inscription on my blade might have looked like?

31st October 2018, 08:28 PM	#111
Edward F Member Join Date: Sep 2012 Posts: 54	im not sure you have enough space ,I used white paper with carbon paper and got impression of number 2 under langet Attached Images

1st November 2018, 04:50 PM	#113
Jens Nordlunde Member Join Date: Dec 2004 Location: Europe Posts: 2,718	Thank you for the pictures Fernando. Having looked at the blade once more, I still think it is an Indian copy of a blade from Portugal It is interesting to notice that a lot of the blades looking European were in fact made in India.

1st November 2018, 07:49 PM	#116
kronckew Member Join Date: Mar 2006 Location: Room 101, Glos. UK Posts: 4,181	"... to notice that a lot of the blades looking European were in fact made in India" or "... to notice that a lot of the European blades were in fact made in India" much like "... to notice that a lot of the European blades were in fact made in Solingen"

2nd November 2018, 05:44 PM	#120
Jim McDougall Arms Historian Join Date: Dec 2004 Location: Route 66 Posts: 9,942	Actually the concerns over whether this blade is European...….and by the presumed inscription being Portuguese or Spanish seem entirely moot at this point, as has been well pointed out......the blades of both were typically by this period made in Solingen. The apparent consensus is that the presumed inscription (artfully applied) is most likely on a blade made in India and that it is probably in imitation of something seen often on earlier European blades. As Portugal had presence in India primarily in western littoral in many locations since early 16th c. (known collectively as Goa)….it seems most probable that a Portuguese inscription might be the model for such inscription. While the cross and orb is most commonly known on German made blades, we can presume that the model being copied is from a German blade. While possible of course that a Spanish blade might have been at hand....the Spanish had no presence in India directly ….the Portuguese did ….in Southern India …...the regions where the pata prevailed. As far as radiological examination of the inscription, one of the only enactors of that process that comes to mind is Dr. Cyril Mazansky (author of " British Basket Hilt Swords") who wrote an article on the x-ray examination of a basket hilt sword off a shipwreck in the Caribbean. Other than that the most usual application has been studying the metallurgical properties of blades in the study of wootz by Dr. Ann Fuerbach et al as far as I recall. As noted , this requires profound connection to those with the very expensive equipment in use, and would be very expensive. As the dismantling of an historic and valuable sword would compromise its integrity in degree, this might be an alternative but with risk, expense and less than guaranteed results not worth it. As we know the inscription is spurious, and that the blade is almost certainly not European.....I think it best to accept it for what it is.... a beautiful pata with Indian blade and artistically applied European inscription and motif.