this was Datu Uto's flag, a Maguindanaon datu. one of the last powerful datus to resist against the spaniards.
here he is pictured sitting next to the future president taft.
i was wondering is someone can help me translate the writings on this flag
btw, as i was inspecting this flag, i noticed these stains.
here's the close up of how the lettering was produced:
thanks in advance!