Hi All,
To my knowledge sham is a pattern in the steel that is not from mechanical folding. Whether it is a true wootz I am not sure? In Verhoeven's paper The Key Role of Impurities in Ancient Damascus Steel Blades . Sword 8 which most closely resembles sham, was eliminated from his study because it was hypoeutectoid. So by definition cannot be a true wootz. The pattern appeared superficial. Any thoughts Dr. Ann?
All the Best
Jeff
P.S. for what it is worth, the first looks like a very nice Indian wootz pattern (18th century), and the second although hard to say could be a late Persian piece of wootz.
Below is an example of sham pattern
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