Ethnographic Arms & Armour - Polish???? Karabela

Gentlemen!

I don't why it was sold for so much money, maybe "Polish" in the name of the object is some kind magical :). Instead, I think it is a time to shed a light on karabelas, based on some resources. I know the only one monograph, and it is article of prof. Zdzislaw Zygulski, who has took a try of classification the karabelas sabres in 1978. For me it's the only known article on this sabres at all. Because it was a try, I think there are some exceptions, which weren't include by the Author. Anyway I hope this excerpts and quotes will bring something new for you:

Professor Zygulski has made a classification and has divided karabelas on two basic groups: Turkish as a first group and Polish as a second. These two groups are divided further:
(only excerpts, I'm sorry for any grammar mistakes during translation and overall shortcut. Images below)

Zdzislaw Zygulski, Karabela i szabla orla (The Karabela and the Eagle Sabre), Studia do dziejów dawnego uzbrojenia i ubioru wojskowego (Studies in history of old arms and uniforms), T. VII, Krakow, 1978

1.
group A:
war-karabelas (17th c.) The characteristic, Turkish, 17th century war-karabela, has handle made of black buffalo horn, becoming a little narrow towards the pommel, decorated with engraved lines, with four big, brass rivets, steel quillons similar to Persian one, blade used to be European (from Styria) (…). As a trophy, karabelas from this group were used also in Poland. It is possible they were made or remade in Poland as well, anyway some of the scholars used to link this sabres as Polish.

group B:
decorated karabelas with war features. Handle made of different kinds of semiprecious stones or buffalo black horn, wood, ivory, with three rivets, decorated with curved lines, narrowing towards the quillon. Straight quillons ended with bulb knobs. Blade made of Damascus steel (more often). Made in Turkey, used also in Poland. Many of them are preserved in The Wallace Collection, among the others with Polish coat-of-arms.

Group c:
Armenian-Turkish karabelas (with quillons curved towards the blade)

2. Karabela in Poland:

Poland is the land where karabela has survived in fairly large quantities. Normally (and wrongly) almost every specimen is said to be of Polish make. In fact there were used in Poland real Turkish pieces, acquired by trade or taken in war, there were sabres made partly of imported elements, and, finally, there were sabres totally manufactured of local materials. The correct distinction of the Polish made karabela is not an easy task but we have several clues which help in this: formal and stylistic features, marks, inscriptions, and heraldic symbols etc. Here is also given an attempt at classification:

group I:
(end of the 17th cent. – early 18th cent.) – hilts of ivory or semiprecious stones, with three rivets (as is usual in Polish karabelas), decoration in gilded silver, repousee etc.

group II:
(about 1715-1730) – hilts preferably of semiprecious stones, set with golden wire, the quillons straight with small knobs at the ends, the blades of Damascus steel, often iscribed with Latin or Polish mottoes.

and groups III-V, which are from period not considered here (mid 18th-late 19th c.)

Polish classification was started from the 18th century, but we can add here all the karabelas mentioned in group A and B, most of them were Turkish, accepted in Poland, but there were many of them copied or altered in Poland. What is worth of mention - here we have only Turkish and Polish karabelas without Persian and other. So there is still much to do!

As we can see our Ebay karabela is similiar to the description of group A and B. It could be Turkish because it was made ca. middle of 17th century, it has European blade, persian-like quillons (as in group A), but there is problem with rivets - I can see only two instead of four or three at least. Maybe it is one exception which wasn't include by the Author? Anyway grip is IMO similar to those from group B. Of course this classification won't set in order all the mess with karabelas but it can be the first step, while it is not the first time we are discussing about those sabres.

Here are the images - illustrations for mentioned groups. As the last photo, karabela from my museum - let's make more mess - described as Polish from 17th century (isn't it similar to this one from ebay anyway? :) )