A late 14th c. (1380-1400) cuisse from Croatia with gothic lettering

[Raf]

It would be interesting to know how these brass boarders were made. On lesser examples they appear to be die struck or stamped from quite thin material. Where the better examples lost wax castings as they seem very uniform and finely detailed. Attached from the Wallace collection. Perhaps LeonymusBosch could venture an opinion as to wether the boarders are stamped or cast ?