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Originally Posted by Raden Usman Djogja
Dear Gonjo,
Hope you can enlighten me. After the equal division of Mataram kingdom (Paliyan Nagari), Mataram became Surokarto and Jogjakarto that its border cutting of Prambanan.
Furthermore, there were several Nagari Gungs (the extended territories), perhaps as you said "vassals", such as Banyumas, Pasir, Ponorogo, Pacitan, Ngawi, Madiun. I got some stories that Nagari Gung was also divided equally. For example Pasir was divided into two regions. As a consequence, in Pasir there were both Surokarto and Jogjokarto influences depended in which part of Pasir. It is a story without supported by written evidence. So, if you have other story especially "history" about the status of Mataram's vassals after the division of Kingdom, please share in this forum.
warm salam,
Usman
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Dear Raden Usman,
Before Palihan Nagari (The division of Mataram Kingdom, Gianti Treaty 1755) -- according to Dr Soekanto -- there were three kinds of areas, in accordance with tax system in Mataram: (1) The city where the King was living, that called in dutch word as "hofstad". All the government activity was centered in this area. (2) Negara Agung or Negara Gung -- it means literally as the Big States -- were the areas surround the "hofstad" of the Mataram King. It was named as (in dutch) "ommelanden". (3) Mancanegara (literally, it means foreign states, or the outer states) were the areas outside the "hofstad" and "Negara Gung". In dutch word, it called "buitengewesten". These were meant for tax system, or to easier coordinating the tax system in Mataram.
So, beside the city of Mataram where the Mataram king was living, there were Negara Gung that consisted of: (a) Pajang (in the western part of Surakarta or Solo), (b) Bangwetan = Sukowati (Sragen now, in the south-eastern part of Surakarta), (d) Bagelen (in the west of Jogjakarta), (e) Kedu or surround Magelang now, (f) Bumi Gede -- soutwestern of Semarang now, around Ungaran-Kedungjati now (Soekanto, 1952).
Outside those areas, there were areas ruled by the bupatis, that called Mancanegara or the outer states: (a) Banyumas (south-western part of Central Java now), (b) Madiun (south-western of East Java), (c) Kediri, (d) Jipang (surround Rembang now in the northern part of Central Java), (e) Japan (di in the south-western of Surabaya in East Java), (f) Grobogan in the Northern part of Central Java, (g) Kaduwang in the south-eastern of Surakarta... (Soekanto, 1952)
The Australian historian Ricklefs wrote in details on this (
A History of Modern Indonesia Since c 1200, published 2001). But I am still reading this book, not finished yet...
Ganjawulung