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					Originally Posted by  Ian
					 
				 
				I was referring to the white material that surrounds many of the nail heads. I realize that the base is leather, but the white material is not leather. Another possibility is mildew resulting from some moisture on the hilt. 
			
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 This is mold on old leather.
Do you think, Ian, that we can determine the age of swords like this by the upholstery tacks?