Medieval history
Built on top of a black crag of volcanic dolerite, and part of the Whin Sill, the location was previously home to a fort of the indigenous Celtic Britons known as Din Guarie.[3] It may have been the capital of the kingdom of Bernicia, the realm of the Gododdin people,[4] from the realm's foundation c. 420 until 547, the year of the first written reference to the castle. In that year the citadel was captured by the Anglo-Saxon ruler Ida of Bernicia (Beornice) and became Ida's seat.[5]
The castle was briefly retaken by the Britons from his son Hussa during the war of 590 before being retaken later the same year.[6] Circa 600, Hussa's successor Ęthelfrith passed it on to his wife Bebba, from whom the early name
Bebbanburh was derived.[7] Vikings destroyed the original fortification in 993.[8]
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