David,
If you are referring to the Western Esotericism (i.e. Christian) and their, and later Jewish, versions of the stars in your link you might be correct about the age (and in most cases they are much later).
But in this case it is Islamic Esotericism. For instance the main Islamic authority, al-Buni died in 1225!
The 7 seals of Solomon was not his invention, even if he of course covers them in his works, which means that they are much older than this.
Your story about the signet ring is mentioned in text from Doutté above and it is the seal #1 of the traditional seven. It alternates in shape between the six-sided (Canaan) or the pentagram (Doutté).
Michael
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